Legal Protection for Environment and Coastal Community from Marine Ecosystem Degradation and Climate Change Impact
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i9.978Keywords:
climate change, coastal community, Indonesia, legal protection, marine environmentAbstract
Objective: This research aims to explore international and Indonesian legal framework in environment and coastal community protection from marine ecosystem degradation and climate change impact, further examining its application through empirical examination.
Theoretical Framework: Diversified legal approaches by international law and its harmonization to Indonesian law for protecting the environment and coastal community and the implementation of regulations for legal protection and access to justice for the environment and coastal communities.
Method: This article utilizes a combination of normative and empirical legal research, which applies various legal instruments and field observation as primary data and secondary legal materials to be descriptively analyzed in order to reveal the legal issues.
Results and Conclusion: The main findings show that the current laws, regulations, and policies are not yet able to effectively provide legal protection for the environmental degradation and coastal community to mitigate and adapt with climate change impacts, due to the lack of implementation and absence of a harmonized legal framework on climate change mitigation and adaptation from national, regional, to local level.
Originality/value: This paper recommends to encourage key stakeholders, especially public sector to empower its intervention tool by regulating strategic development plans which are in line with mitigation and adaptation from climate change and will not contribute to any environmental degradation.
References
Burden, A. et al. (2020) Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Habitats, Relevant to the Coastal and Marine Environment Around the UK, MCCIP Science Review. 118.
Bushfire Survivors for Climate Action v. Environmental Protection Agency (N.S.W. Land and Environment Ct. 2021) 92 (Judgment)
European Commission, (2022) “The Implication of the Ocean Governance Framework established by the United Nations for the Implementation of the EU MSP Directives” European MSP Platform.
Ferdianto, R., (2021), Large Gold, Small Island, Tempo English. [Online] Available: https://magz.tempo.co/read/law/38068/large-gold-small-island (July 4, 2021)
Glasgow Climate Pact (2021) https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cma3_auv_2_cover%20decision.pdf.
Government Regulation No. 27 Year 2021 concerning Implementation on Marine and Fisheries Sector, Article 10(6). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/161858/pp-no-27-tahun-2021
Government Regulation No. 26 Year 2023 concerning Marine Sedimentation. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/249417/pp-no-26-tahun-2023
Hadjon, P.M. (1993) Pengantar Hukum Perizinan. Surabaya: Yuridika. p.4.
Hakim, M. (2020) “Peranan Budaya Lokal dalam Dinamika Kehidupan Masyarakat Kotamadya Makassar” SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business 3(3): 243-255.
Helmi, (2021) “Kedudukan UU Cipta Kerja terhadap UU-PPLH dan Implikasinya” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 10(2): 257-276.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014) Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC.
Law No. 27 Year 2007 concerning Coastal Area and Small Islands Management. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/39911/uu-no-27-tahun-2007
Law No. 32 Year 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. https://jdih.esdm.go.id/storage/document/UU%2032%20Tahun%202009%20(PPLH).pdf
Law No.1 Year 2014 concerning Amendment of Law 27 Year 2007 concerning Coastal Area and Small Islands Management. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/38521/uu-no-1-tahun-2014
Law of Republic of Indonesia No. 27 of 2007 in conjunction with Law of Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 2014 on Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands (WP3K). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/39911/uu-no-27-tahun-2007
Mai, N.V. et al (2023) “Citizen Participation in Community-Based Tourism Development in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam” Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11(5) e749.
Maini, R., et al (2017) “The Sendai Framework for Disaster Reduction and Its Indicators-Where Does Health Fit In?” International Journal of Disaster Science 8(6):1-6.
Makassar Legal Aid (2023) Reklamasi Pulau Lae-Lae Mewarisi Derita CPI [Online] Available https://lbhmakassar.org/press-release/reklamasi-pulau-lae-lae-mewarisi-derita-cpi/ (July 26, 2023)
Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources Regulation No. 28 Year 2021 concerning Implementation of Marine Spatial Planning. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/190275/permen-kkp-no-28-tahun-2021
Moedirta, R. Stalker, P. (2007) The Other Half of Climate Change: Why Indonesia Must Adapt to Protect its Poorest People. Jakarta: United Nations Development Programme Indonesia
Moira, M., Gold, E. (1991) The Modern Law of The Sea: Framework for the Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 23(83): 88-89.
OECD (2017) Marine Protected Areas: Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Presidential Regulation No. 87 of 2020 concerning the 2020-2044 Disaster Management Master Plan. https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/176230/Perpres_Nomor_87_Tahun_2020.pdf
Provincial Regulation No. 15 Year 2022 concerning South Sulawesi SDGs Regional Action 2019-2023. https://jdih.sulselprov.go.id/dokumen/no-15-tahun-2022-3
Rulli, L.S. (2014) “Roadblocks to Access to Justice: Reforming Ethical Rules to Meet the Special Needs of Low-Income Clients” Univ. of Pennsylvania Journal of Law and Social Challenge 17(4): 348-381.
Sandifer, P.A. et al. (2021) “Coastlines, Coastal Cities, and Climate Change: A Perspective on Urgent Research Needs in the United States” Front. Mar. Sci. 8(63): 5.
Sastro, M. et al. (2023) “Strengthening the Role of Women (wives) of Fishermen though Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Programs to Improve the Fishermen’s Economy on the Coast of North Aceh, Indonesian” Revista De Gestāo Social E Ambiental 17(6) e03606.
United Nations (1945) Charter of the United Nations, 1 UNTS XVI. Chapter 6. https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf
United Nations Environment Programme (2023) “Sustainable Development Goal 13” Target 13.1 [online] available https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-13 (April 6, 2023)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf
United Nations, (2023), “Life Below Water: Why it Matters”, [online] available https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/14_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf
Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts (2013) https://unfccc.int/files/meetings/bonn_nov_2017/in-session/application/pdf/cp23_auv_i7.pdf
Weatherdon, L.V. et al. (2016) “Observed and Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture, Coastal Tourism, and Human Health: An Update” Front. Mar. Sci, 3(48): 1-2.
Wiens, D. Poast, P. Clark, W. (2014) “The Political Resource Curse: An Empirical Re-Evaluation” Political Research Quarterly 67(4): 783-794.
IPCC (2022) Climate Change 2022: Impacts Adaptation and Vulnerability [Working Group II Contribution]. Geneva: IPCC.
Google Earth (2009) “Makassar: Losari Pier” [online] available <https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1CKTrljqBMjkqtbCXgRR_QqStEj8&hl=en_US&ll=-5.319334388095926%2C119.41397123475618&z=10> (July 21, 2023)
Google Earth (2020) “Makassar: Losari Pier” [online] available < https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&ll=-5.133346999999989%2C119.435463&spn=0.102584%2C0.102654&z=12&source=embed&mid=1ZPoF78_EQzFLO9RUwwfvZnpWPCA> (July 21, 2023)
United Nations (2018) The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals. Santiago: United Nations
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Naswar, Maskun, Nurul Habaib Al Mukarramah, Josse Charmario Wara Angi, Valeria Erika Sari Paliling
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms: the author(s) authorize(s) the publication of the text in the journal;
2. The author(s) ensure(s) that the contribution is original and unpublished and that it is not in the process of evaluation by another journal;
3. The journal is not responsible for the views, ideas and concepts presented in articles, and these are the sole responsibility of the author(s);
4. The publishers reserve the right to make textual adjustments and adapt texts to meet with publication standards.
5. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Atribuição NãoComercial 4.0 internacional, which allows the work to be shared with recognized authorship and initial publication in this journal.
6. Authors are allowed to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g. publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
7. Authors are allowed and are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on a personal web page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate positive effects, as well as increase the impact and citations of the published work (see the effect of Free Access) at http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html
• 8. Authors are able to use ORCID is a system of identification for authors. An ORCID identifier is unique to an individual and acts as a persistent digital identifier to ensure that authors (particularly those with relatively common names) can be distinguished and their work properly attributed.